Time For Chess And Programming

 Deflection is when you trick a piece into going where it will not be at job it was doing

 Undermining is when remove the defender(it doesn't always have to be with trading).

 Open files are where there are no pawns on it Types of files: 1. Full open files a file where there are exactly no pawns on it. 2. Half open files a file where there are pawns on one team. 3. Closed files are files where there are pawns on both teams.

 Piling on pinned pieces means you're adding more attackers.

 We'll be focusing on cramps today. A cramp is when all your pieces are almost or fully passive. Exchange your cramped pieces for your opponent's spaced pieces.

Today, we'll be focusing on defending yourself. If you're winning: 1. Avoid trades 2. Keep as many of your pieces on the board as possible If you're losing: 1. Make trades to make your king safer 2. Eliminate threats

 We'll be focusing on undermining and weakness creating. Undermining is when you remove the defender Weakness creating is simply when you make a weakness for your opponent.

 Simplification is when you make your position easier, it's helpful when trading and mostly in an equal exchange We will learn in the future lesson on simplification

 Today, we'll learn when to trade pieces and one of the reasons is to get ahead (having more pieces and capturing more pieces) in the game. Let's refresh our memory about the point values but before that, you may be asking why the pieces have point values Answer: That's because we can know when to trade or not and you should trade your weaker pieces for your opponent's pieces (and there can be exceptions). The pawn is 1 point. The knight is 3 points. The bishop is 4 points. The rook is 5 points. The queen is 9 points. The king is worth the whole game. A good exchange is when you win points. A bad exchange is when you lose points. An equal exchange is when you neither win nor lose points.

1.   If checking forces the opponent to move the king, preventing him from castling. 2. If checking forces a piece to move into an uncomfortable pin. (A pin is when a piece is blocking the attack to another piece and cannot move.) 3. If checking puts the king to a more exposed square. 4. If checking allows you to develop a piece (move it to a better, more active square) with tempo ("gaining a move" because he has to react to the check, not doing what he wanted to do). 5. If checking forks another undefended/lesser valued piece. (Forking is when you attack two pieces at once.) Same thing applies for discovered attacks.

The f pawn is the weakest pawn at the start of the game because only the king protects and if only the king was protecting a piece, then likely if you capture that piece then CHECKMATE! 1. Fool's Mate White goes first Q in front of the file's name means queen moving. # behind the move means checkmate Nothing in front of the file's name means pawn moving. a.White's Moves e4 f6 d4 g5 Qh5# b. Black's Moves f3 e4 g3 Qh4# 2. Legal's Mate N in front of the file's name means knight moving. B in front of the file's name means bishop moving. K in front of the file's name means king moving. x in front of the file's name but second character in the whole written move means captures. + behind the move means check a.White's Moves e4 e5 Nf3 d6 Bc4 Bg4 Nc3 g6 Nxe5 Bxd1(Sacrificing the queen) Bxf7+ Ke7 Nd5# b. Black's Moves a3 e5 e4 Nf6 d3 Bc5 Bg5 Nc6 g3 Nxe4 Bxd8(Sacrificing the queen) Bxf2+ Ke2 Nd4# 3. Scholar's Mate a. White's Moves e5 Nc6 Qh5

 Opposition is when a king is two squares away from each other but there is a wall in front of them.

 Passed pawns are pawns that an opponent's pawns can't stop it from promoting.

 The phases of a chess game: 1. Opening 2. Middlegame 3. Endgame Things you should do throughout the game:      In the opening, we should:           1. Control the center.           2. Develop our knights and bishops           3. Castle     In the middlegame, we should:           1. Threat          2. Develop Your Pieces to Became Active. (Opposite: Passive)          3. Chase Your Opponent's Pieces or Exchange Them (Good exchange).     In the endgame, we should:          1. Move Your King Immediately.          2. Promote Your Pawn          3. Cut the King (Not allowing him to cross a line). Things you shouldn't do throughout the game:     In the opening, we shouldn't:          1. Develop Your Queen Too Early.          2. Make too many pawn moves.          3. Move the pawns in front of your castled king.     In the middlegame, we shouldn't:          1. Exchange Your More Active Pieces for your opponent's passive pieces.          2. Move your pawns unless you have a g

You have to not only focus on your moves but also your opponent's move if he's checkmating, checking or capturing.

 To make a king and rook mate, make a box like in king and queen mate and at checkmate, the rook attacks and the king covers three or two escape squares. Warning: Move your rook away from danger

 Discovered Attacks are when a piece that's blocking another long ranged piece and that piece moves and then the long ranged piece attacks the opponent's piece.  Discovered Checks are when a piece that's blocking another long ranged piece and that piece moves and then the long ranged piece attacks the opponent's king. Double Checks are when a knight in front of a discovered attack checks and the piece behind attacks too. The only way to get out of a double check is to run away, you can't capture or block two pieces at the same time(in fact the knight attacks over a piece)

 A skewer is like a pin but the more important piece is in front An absolute skewer is a type of check A relative skewer is the opposite

An absolute pin is when a piece can't move because behind is the king A relative pin is when a piece can move because behind is not the king

 A fork is when a single piece attacks two or more pieces

 If there are more attackers than defenders, then you should capture If they are tied, then the defending side is okay If there are more defenders than attackers, then the defending side is okay Pawn: 1 point Knight: 3 points Bishop: 4 points Rook: 5 points Queen: 9 points King: Infinity points

 Hanging Pieces are pieces that have attackers but no defenders

Things not to do in the opening  1. Developing the queen too early 2. Making too many pawn moves 3. Once you've castled, don't move the pawns in front of the king, only one square for one pawn(for attacking enemies)

Things you should do in the opening 1. Control the center 2. Develop your knights and bishops 3. Castling 4. Developing your rooks to aim at the pawns 5. Put queen in front of one of the rooks

 Back Rank Mates are Checkmates where a rook attacks your back rank(your rank closest to you) and the king is there(and the pawns have not moved)

  If a white pawn reaches the 8th rank or a black pawn reaches the 1st rank then it promotes to a knight, bishop, rook or mostly the queen because it's very powerful.

There are sometimes when you can't castle: 1.Check 2.King move (No castling for the rest of the game) 3.Rook move (No castling for the rook but for the other rook(yes)) 4.Jumping over check 5.Landing in check